They are mostly British nationals, not illegal immigrants, and most are religious novices. Those over 30 are just as likely to have a wife and children as to be loners with no ties, the research shows.
They were no more likely to have mental illness and come from diverse ethnic backgrounds.
While most are male, women are often aware of their husband's and sons activities but do nothing to stop them.
Most over-30s have steady relationships and children, challenging the idea that terrorists are young men driven by sexual frustration and lured to "martyrdom" by the promise of beautiful virgins waiting for them in paradise.
The study, carried out by MI5's behavioural science unit, also played down the role of radical extremist clerics such as Abu Hamza.
Researchers talked to terrorists who had been involved in activities ranging from fund-raising to planning suicide attacks.
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